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''El Tiempo'' was a Ladino language newspaper published in Constantinople/Istanbul in the years 1872–1930. ''El Tiempo'' was the first Ladino newspaper published in Istanbul. It was also the longest-running Ladino newspaper in the city.〔Migdal, Joel S. ''(Boundaries and Belonging States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices )''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p. 52〕 It was published as a daily newspaper, later being converted into a biweekly. From July 1882 to 1930 ''El Tiempo'' was published three times a week.〔Migdal, Joel S. ''(Boundaries and Belonging States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices )''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp. 50-51〕 Politically, the newspaper supported the positions of Turkish reformers.〔Maier, Johann. ''(Jüdische Geschichte in Daten. Beck'sche Reihe, 1653 )''. München: Beck, 2005. p. 86〕 At the time of the First World War, half of the adult Jews in the city were subscribers of ''El Tiempo''.〔 However, from that point onwards the influence of the newspaper declined sharply.〔Migdal, Joel S. ''(Boundaries and Belonging States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices )''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p. 68〕 During the initial phase of its history the newspaper was patronized by Hayim Carmona. His son Isaac Carmona served as its editor from its founding year. After his father's death in 1883, Isaac Carmona took over as patron of the newspaper whilst the post of editor passed on to Mercado Fresco and Sami Alkabez. After a few years, David Fresco became editor. He served as editor of the newspaper for almost fifty years.〔 ''El Tiempo'' was supported by the ''Alliance Israélite Universelle''. As a result, the newspaper promoted the teaching of French language to its readers. Moreover, it sought to educate its readers in Turkish language. It ran a section in Turkish (written with Hebrew alphabet) every two-three days. The world-view of the paper in its early phase was largely Eurocentric, reporting events from the capitals of Europe (Paris, London, Vienna, Budapest and Berlin) whilst paying little attention to events inside the Ottoman Empire (including Constantinople/Istanbul itself). Fictional stories published in the newspaper were largely translations from French. The promotion of French language was however somewhat subdued in the 1890s, but the language used in articles was often a highly francofied Ladino.〔Migdal, Joel S. ''(Boundaries and Belonging States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices )''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp. 59-61〕 Once Zionism emerged as a political force, ''El Tiempo'' responded by proclaiming its loyalty to the Ottoman Empire. Within the Ladino Jewish community in Constantinople/Istanbul (where Zionist ideas were beginning to strike roots) ''El Tiempo'' argued that Ottoman Jews ought to remain Ottoman nationals.〔 There was a brief period (prior to 1910) during which discussions were ongoing between the World Zionist Organization and ''El Tiempo'', but any re-evaluation of Zionism on behalf of ''El Tiempo'' was sealed as David Fresco aligned with prominent anti-Zionist Rabbi Chaim Nahum. Fresco argued in favour of assimilation of the Ottoman Jews into Turkish society and the promotion of the use of Turkish language.〔Migdal, Joel S. ''(Boundaries and Belonging States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices )''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p. 65〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「El Tiempo (Istanbul)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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